@MastersThesis{Risso:2013:DiEsEx,
author = "Risso, Joel",
title = "Diagn{\'o}stico espacialmente expl{\'{\i}}cito da expans{\~a}o
da soja no Mato Grosso de 2000 a 2012",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2013",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2013-03-08",
keywords = "s{\'e}ries temporais Modis, expans{\~a}o da soja,
desflorestamento, Morat{\'o}ria da Soja, Modis time series, soy
expansion, desforestation, soy moratorium.",
abstract = "O presente trabalho teve como objetivo retratar, de forma
espacialmente expl{\'{\i}}cita, a expans{\~a}o da soja
observada no Mato Grosso, particularmente sobre desflorestamentos
ocorridos: 1) antes de 2000; 2) entre 2000 e 2006; e 3) de 2007 a
2011, per{\'{\i}}odo este que corresponde {\`a} Morat{\'o}ria
da Soja. A an{\'a}lise teve por base tanto os mapas de
desflorestamento do Projeto PRODES, quanto os mapas de soja
obtidos a partir de s{\'e}ries temporais de imagens de
sensoriamento remoto. As imagens compostas de 16 dias do sensor
MODIS foram transformadas em imagens de EVI2, que foram
processadas, a fim de obter o \textit{Crop Enhancement Index}
(CEI) para gerar os mapas de soja dos anos/safra 2000/01 a 2011/12
do Mato Grosso. Estes mapas foram analisados considerando os
limites dos biomas e dos munic{\'{\i}}pios do Mato Grosso em
conjunto com os mapas anuais do desflorestamento do PRODES. Desta
forma, a evolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do cultivo de soja sobre
desflorestamentos no bioma Cerrado (somente forma{\c{c}}{\~o}es
florestais) e no bioma Amaz{\^o}nia foi avaliada tanto anualmente
quanto para os per{\'{\i}}odos pr{\'e}- e p{\'o}s-
Morat{\'o}ria. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a presen{\c{c}}a de
soja em assentamentos, terras ind{\'{\i}}genas e unidades de
conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o do Mato Grosso, onde os valores de
{\'a}rea de soja encontrados no ano/safra 2011/12 foram de 149,
50 e 37 mil hectares (ha), respectivamente. A {\'a}rea de soja no
ano/safra 2000/01 na por{\c{c}}{\~a}o do bioma Amaz{\^o}nia do
Mato Grosso foi de 266 mil ha, sendo 178 mil ha sobre
desflorestamentos do PRODES acumulados at{\'e} 2000. Um aumento
na {\'a}rea de soja foi observado neste bioma entre os anos/safra
2001/02 e 2004/05, seguido de uma redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o nos
anos/safra 2005/06 e 2006/07, quando retomou o crescimento e
alcan{\c{c}}ou 2,0 milh{\~o}es de ha (Mha) de soja no ano/safra
2011/12, sendo 1,73 Mha sobre desflorestamentos do PRODES
acumulados at{\'e} 2011. No per{\'{\i}}odo
pr{\'e}-Morat{\'o}ria, entre os anos/safra 2000/01 e 2006/07, a
soja expandiu 780 mil ha no bioma Amaz{\^o}nia mato-grossense,
sobre desflorestamentos do PRODES, enquanto que o desflorestamento
aumentou de 11,6 em 2000 para 16,3 Mha em 2006. Durante a
Morat{\'o}ria (anos/safra 2006/07 a 2011/12) a soja continuou
expandindo e incorporou uma {\'a}rea de 772 mil ha de {\'a}reas
desflorestadas, com apenas 14,4 mil ha sobre desflorestamentos do
per{\'{\i}}odo p{\'o}s-Morat{\'o}ria, indicando que a recente
expans{\~a}o da soja ocorreu, predominantemente, em
desflorestamentos ocorridos antes de 2006. Embora a Morat{\'o}ria
se refira apenas ao bioma Amaz{\^o}nia, uma expans{\~a}o
relativamente pequena de 4,6 mil ha de soja foi observada sobre
forma{\c{c}}{\~o}es florestais no bioma Cerrado a partir de
2007. Logo, {\'e} plaus{\'{\i}}vel considerar que a soja
n{\~a}o vem sendo um vetor significativo de desflorestamento do
Mato Grosso, principalmente nos anos anteriores a 2000 e ap{\'o}s
o estabelecimento da Morat{\'o}ria da Soja em 2006. Considerando
ainda a plena trajet{\'o}ria de intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
pecu{\'a}ria na regi{\~a}o Amaz{\^o}nica e a consequente
libera{\c{c}}{\~a}o de {\'a}reas de pastagem para outros usos,
a expans{\~a}o da soja poder{\'a} continuar no Mato Grosso, sem
preju{\'{\i}}zo para a produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o pecu{\'a}ria e sem
a necessidade de novos desflorestamentos. ABSTRACT: The present
work aimed to picture, in a spatially explicit way, the soy
expansion observed in Mato Grosso, particularly over
deforestations performed: 1) prior to 2000; 2) from 2000 to 2006;
and 3) from 2007 to 2011, which corresponds to the Soy Moratorium
period. The analysis was based on both deforestation maps from the
PRODES Project and soy maps obtained from time series of remote
sensing images. The 16 days composed images of the MODIS sensor
were transformed to EVI2 images which were processed to obtain the
Crop Enhancement Index (CEI) to generate the soy maps from crop
years 2000/01 to 2011/12 in Mato Grosso. Those maps were analyzed
considering the boundaries of the biomes and the municipalities of
Mato Grosso together with the annual deforestation maps from
PRODES. Thus, the evolution of soy plantations over deforestations
in the Cerrado biome (only forest formation) and the Amazon biome
of Mato Grosso were evaluated not only for each crop year but also
for the periods prior and after the Moratorium. Additionally, the
presence of soy plantations in settlements, indigenous land
(\textit{terras ind{\'{\i}}genas}), and conservation units
(\textit{unidades de conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o}) of Mato Grosso
were also evaluated, where the soy area values found, for crop
year 2011/12, were of 149, 50 and 37 thousand hectares,
respectively.. The soy area in crop year 2000/01, in the portion
of the Amazon biome in Mato Grosso, was 266 thousand hectares, of
which 178 thousand hectares over PRODES deforestations accumulated
until 2000. An increase in the soy area was observed in this biome
from crop years 2001/02 to 2004/05, followed by a decrease in crop
years 2005/06 and 2006/07, with a subsequent increase reaching 2.0
million hectares (Mha) of soy in crop year 2011/12, of which 1.73
Mha over PRODES deforestation accumulated until 2011. In the
period prior to the Moratorium, from crop years 2000/01 to
2006/07, soy expanded 780 thousand hectares, while deforestation
increased from 11.6 in 2000 to 16.3 Mha in 2006 in the Amazon
biome of Mato Grosso. During the Moratorium (crop years 2006/07 to
2011/12) the soy continued expanding and incorporated a soy area
of 772 thousand hectares of deforested land, with only 14.4
thousand hectares expanding over deforested land performed after
the Moratorium, indicating that the recent soy expansion is
predominately occurring on land that was deforested prior to the
beginning of the Moratorium. Although the Moratorium states only
for the Amazon biome, a relative small soy expansion of 4.6
thousand hectares was observed on forested land in the Cerrado
biome since 2007. Therefore, it is plausible to consider that soy
has not been a significant deforestation driver in Mato Grosso,
mainly in the years prior to 2000 and after the Soy Moratorium
establishment in 2006. Furthermore, considering the major cattle
raising intensification in the Brazilian Amazon region and the
consequent release of pasture land for other land uses, the soy
expansion can further continue in Mato Grosso, without either
precluding the cattle raising activity or causing new
deforestations.",
committee = "Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir (presidente) and Rudorff, Bernardo
Friedrich Theodor (orientador) and Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral and
Rizzi, Rodrigo",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Spatially explicit diagnosis of soy expansion in Mato Grosso from
2000 to 2012",
language = "pt",
pages = "129",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP7W/3DKND9B",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP7W/3DKND9B",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "08 maio 2024"
}